Elephant (Research) Routes

Integrating Elephants into More-than-Human Narratives

Author(s)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52537/humanimalia.25593

Keywords:

elephants, animal history, methods, co-existence, Human-Wildlife Interaction, zoos, ivory trade, captivity, anima biography

Abstract

Placing the special issue within the historiography of human-elephant relationships, the introduction addresses the challenges associated with the integration of elephants into academic narratives. It pays special attention to the epistemological and disciplinary opportunities presenting themselves when building such more-than-human narratives. The integration of elephants, in and of themselves, into the academic narrative is reliant on ethological, biological, ecological, and zooarcheological research, which itself is a historical and situated scientific endeavour. Anthropological and historiographic methods developed in this special issue deepen our understanding of human-elephant relationships. By critically addressing research narratives concerning elephants, this introduction contributes to an epistemological rereading of scientific narratives on elephant and wildlife management to strengthen multidisciplinary dialogue and promote co-existence. 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

  • Violette Pouillard, French National Centre for Scientific Research

    Violette Pouillard is a permanent researcher at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS, HARTIS, UMR 9028) and a visiting professor at Ghent University. She is the author of Histoire des zoos par les animaux [A History of Zoos through Animals], Champ Vallon, 2019) and has published several articles on human–animal relationships in (semi–)captive environements, in journals such as the Journal for the History of Environment and Society and Centaurus, as well as in Oxford Bibliographies in Environmental History. Her current research focuses on (post)colonial conservation policies and practices in Central Africa, explored through a social, animal and environmental history of wildlife taming.

  • Marianna Szczygielska, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science
    Marianna Szczygielska is a feminist historian of science. She brings queer and decolonial approaches into reflection on human-animal relations. Her articles were published in Osiris, Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences, History and Technology, Environmental Humanities, Cultural Studies, Catalyst: Feminism, Theory, Technoscience, among others. She currently works at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin in the Department of Artifacts, Action, Knowledge.

References

Alpers, Edward A. Ivory and Slaves in East Central Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975.

Banerjee, Sayan, and Anindya Sinha. “Political and Affective Ecologies of Human–Elephant Relations: A Gendered Perspective.” In Lainé et al., Composing Worlds with Elephants, 29–47.

Baratay, Éric. Animal Biographies. Toward a History of Individuals. Translated by Lindsay Turner. Athens: Georgia University Press, 2022.

Barnard, Timothy P. Imperial Creatures. Humans and Other Animals in Colonial Singapore, 1819–1942. Singapore: NUS Press, 2019.

Barua, Maan. “Bio-geo-graphy: Landscape, Dwelling, and the Political Ecology of Human–Elephant Relations.” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 32, no. 5 (2014): 915–34. https://doi.org/10.1068/d4213.

Beinart, William, and Lotte Hughes. Environment and Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

Bird-David, Nurit. “‘Animism’ Revisited: Personhood, Environment, and Relational Epistemology.” Current Anthropology 40, no. S1 (1999): 67–91. https://doi.org/10.1086/200061.

Cappellini, Enrico, Anthea Gentry, Eleftheria Palkopoulou, et al. “Resolution of the Type Material of the Asian Elephant, Elephas maximus Linnaeus, 1758 (Proboscidea, Elephantidae).” Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 170, no. 1 (2014): 222–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12084.

Chaiklin, Martha. “Ivory in Early Modern Ceylon: A Case Study in What Documents Don’t Reveal.” International Journal of Asian Studies 6, no. 1 (2009): 37–63. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1479591409000023.

Chaiklin, Martha. “Ivory in World History — Early Modern Trade in Context.” History Compass 8, no. 6 (2010): 530–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2010.00680.x.

Crawley, Jennifer A. H. “Mahout-Elephant Relationships: A Review of the Literature.” In Lainé et al., Composing World with Elephants, 213–31.

Darwin, Charles. The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. London: John Murray, 1872.

Despret, Vinciane. “Do Animals Work? Creating Pragmatic Narratives.” Yale French Studies 127 (2015): 124–42. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44512265.

Dodd, Norris, Melissa Butynski, Rob Ament, Shu Chen, Nilanga Jayasinghe, Jia Cherng Lim, Salman Saaban, Sandeep Kumar Tiwari, Rodney van der Ree, Yun Wang, and Ee Phin Wong. Handbook to Mitigate the Impact of Roads and Railways on Asian Elephants. Asian Elephant Transport Working Group (AsETWG), 2024. https://doi.org/10.53847/PZNC3560.

Evans, Lauren A., and Redempta Njeri Nduguta, “The Implications of Being a ‘Problem’ Elephant.” In Lainé et al., Composing World with Elephants, 83–100.

Gandhi, Anandi. “Elephant-Farmer Coexistence. Multiple Methods.” In Composing World with Elephants, 279–96.

Giraud, Eva Haifa. What Comes after Entanglement? Activism, Anthropocentrism, and an Ethics of Exclusion. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2019.

Guillery, Peter. The Buildings of London Zoo. London: Royal Commission of the Historical Monuments of England, 1993.

Haraway, Donna J. When Species Meet. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2008.

Harms, Robert W. Land of Tears: The Exploration and Exploitation of Equatorial Africa. New York: Basic Books, 2019.

Harms, Robert W. River of Wealth, River of Sorrow: The Central Zaire Basin in the Era of the Slave and Ivory Trade. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1981.

Hochadel, Oliver. “Science at the Zoo: An Introduction.” Centaurus 64, no. 3 (2022): 561–90. https://doi.org/10.1484/J.CNT.5.132186.

Hosey, Geoff, Vicky Melfi, and Sheila Pankhurst. Zoo Animals. Behaviour, Management, and Welfare. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.

Isenberg, Andrew C. The Destruction of the Bison: An Environmental History, 1750–1920. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Jadhav, Sushrut, and Maan Barua. “The Elephant Vanishes: Impact of Human–Elephant Conflict on People’s Wellbeing.” Health & Place 18, no. 6 (2012): 1356–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.06.019.

Jepson, Paul, Maan Barua, Richard J. Ladle, and Kathleen Buckingham. “Towards an Intradisciplinary Bio-Geography: A Response to Lorimer’s ‘Lively Biogeographies’ of Asian Elephant Conservation.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 36, no. 1 (2011): 170–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2010.00417.x.

Keil, Paul G. “Elephant–Human Dandi. How Humans and Elephants Move through the Fringes of Forest and Village.” In Locke and Buckingham, Conflict, Negotiation, and Coexistence, 242–71.

Keil, Paul G. “Musth as a Biosocial Event: How Musth Disrupts the Relational Dynamics of a Human–Elephant Community in Assam.” In Lainé et al., Composing Worlds with Elephants, 233–52.

Keil, Paul G. “On the Trails of Free-Roaming Elephants: Human–Elephant Mobility and History across the Indo-Myanmar Highlands.” Transfers 10, no. 2/3 (2020): 62–82. https://doi.org/10.3167/TRANS.2020.10020302.

Keil, Paul G. The Presence of Elephants: Sharing Lives and Landscapes in Assam. London: Routledge, 2024.

Kelly, Alexandra Celia. Consuming Ivory: Mercantile Legacies of East Africa and New England. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2021.

Lainé, Nicolas. “Conduct and Collaboration in Human–Elephant Working Communities of Northeast India.” In Locke and Buckingham, Conflict, Negotiation, and Coexistence, 180–204.

Lainé, Nicolas. Living and Working with Giants: A Multispecies Ethnography of the Khamti and Elephants in Northeast. Paris: Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 2020.

Lainé, Nicolas, Paul G. Keil, and Khatijah Rahmat, eds. Composing Worlds with Elephants: Interdisciplinary Dialogues. Marseille: IRD Éditions, 2023.

Lainé, Nicolas, Paul G. Keil, and Khatijah Rahmat. Introduction to Composing World with Elephants, 13–25.

Leonardi, Cherry. “‘Extraordinarily Inconspicuous’ Elephants: The Interspecies Constitution and Contestations of the Ivory Commodity Frontier in Nineteenth-Century South Sudan.” Environmental History 29, no. 2 (2024): 254–80. https://doi.org/10.1086/729404.

Lim, Teckwyn. “From the Mouth of the Mahout: A Review of Elephant Command Words.” In Lainé et al, Composing Worlds with Elephants, 137–55.

Locke, Piers. “Introduction: Conflict, Coexistence, and the Challenge of Rethinking Human–Elephant Relations.” In Locke and Buckingham, Conflict, Negotiation, and Coexistence, 1–28. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.

Locke, Piers. “Animals, Persons, Gods. Negotiating Ambivalent Relationships with Captive Elephants in Chitwan, Nepal.” In Locke and Buckingham, Conflict, Negotiation, and Coexistence, 159–79.

Locke, Piers, and Jane Buckingham, eds. Conflict, Negotiation, and Coexistence. Rethinking Human-Elephant Relations in South Asia. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.

Lorimer, Jamie. “Elephants as Companion Species: The Lively Biogeographies of Asian Elephant Conservation in Sri Lanka.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 35 (2010): 491–506. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2010.00395.x.

Lorimer, Jamie, and Khatijah Rahmat. “Elephants at Work.” Animal Sentience 5, no. 28 (2020). https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1563.

Lorimer, Jamie, and Sarah Whatmore. “After the ‘King of Beasts’: Samuel Baker and the Embodied Historical Geographies of Elephant Hunting in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Ceylon.” Journal of Historical Geography 35, no. 4 (2009): 668–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2008.11.002.

MacKenzie, John M. The Empire of Nature: Hunting, Conservation and British Imperialism. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1988.

Massard-Guilbaud, Geneviève, and Richard Rodger, eds. Environmental and Social Justice in the City: Historical Perspectives. Cambridge: White Horse Press, 2011.

Menon, Vivek. Foreword to Lainé et al., Composing Worlds with Elephants, 7–9.

Menon, Srikumar M., and Anindya Sinha. “Tusks of Wisdom. The Elephant in the Buddhist Art of Kanaganahalli, Southern India.” In Lainé et al., Composing World with Elephants, 123–35.

Mumby, Hannah S. “Widening the Lens: Relationships and Interactions between Humans and Elephants in Behavioural Ecology Studies.” In Lainé et al., Composing Worlds with Elephants, 313–29.

Münster, Ursula. “Challenges of Coexistence: Human–Elephant Conflicts in Wayanad, Kerala, South India.” In Locke and Buckingham, Conflict, Negotiation, and Coexistence, 272–99.

Nance, Susan. Animal Modernity. Jumbo the Elephant and the Human Dilemma. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.

Nance, Susan. Entertaining Elephants. Animal Agency and the Business of the American Circus. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013.

Nayar, Shubhra, and Paul G. Keil, “Lantana Elephants.” In Lainé et al., Composing Worlds with Elephants, 101–109.

Nygren Anja. “Eco-Imperialism and Environmental Justice.” In The Routledge International Handbook of Social and Environmental Change, edited by Lockie Stewart, David A. Sonnenfeld and Dana R. Fischer, 58–69. London: Routledge, 2013.

Olivelle, Patrick. “Science of Elephants in Kautilya’s Arthaśāstra.” In Locke and Buckingham, Conflict, Negotiation, and Coexistence, 75–91.

Oriel, Elizabeth, and Toni Frohoff. “Affective Ecologies in Sri Lanka: Farmers’ Experiences of Relational Dialogues amidst Elephants in Cultivated Fields.” In Lainé et al., Composing Worlds with Elephants, 49–65.

Pearson, Susan J. “Speaking Bodies, Speaking Minds: Animals, Language, History.” History and Theory 52, no. 4 (2013): 91–108.

Pearson, Susan J. The Rights of the Defenseless: Protecting Animals and Children in Gilded Age America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2020

Pouillard, Violette. “Animal Biographies: Beyond Archetypal Figures.” Journal of Animal Ethics, 12, no. 2 (2022): 172–78.

Pouillard, Violette. Histoire des zoos par les animaux. Impérialisme, contrôle, conservation. Seyssel: Champ Vallon, 2019.

Rahmat, Khatijah. “Time and the Elephant: Temporality as Attunement with More-than-Human Others.” In Lainé et al., Composing Worlds with Elephants, 263–78.

Ross, Corey. Ecology and Power in the Age of Empire: Europe and the Transformation of the Tropical World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.

Rothfels, Nigel. Elephant Trails: A History of Animals and Cultures. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2021.

Rothfels, Nigel. “Touching Animals: The Search for a Deeper Understanding of Animals.” In Beastly Natures. Animals, Humans, and the Study of History, edited by Dorothee Brantz, 38–58. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2010.

Saha, Jonathan. Colonizing Animals: Inter­species Empire in Myanmar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021.

Sinha, Nitin. “Engines vs. Elephants – Train Tales of India’s Modernity.” Interdisziplinäre Zeitschrift für Südasienforschung, no. 1 (2016): 112–30. https://doi.org/10.11588/izsa.2016.1.846.

Sivasundaram, Sujit. “Trading Knowledge: The East India Company’s Elephants in India and Britain.” The Historical Journal 48, no. 1 (2005): 27–63. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0018246X04004212.

Skabelund, Aaron. “Can the Subaltern Bark?” Cornell University Press, [2019]. https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/can-the-subaltern-bark/.

Smyer Yü, Dan. “Collapsing Elephant Clime Since the Little Ice Age: Climatic Refugees, Animal Zomia, and Elephant Modernity in Yunnan.” In Storying Multipolar Climes of the Himalaya, Andes and Arctic: Anthropocenic Climate and Shapeshifting Watery Lifeworlds, edited by Dan Smyer Yü and Jelle J.P. Wouters, 236–52. London: Routledge, 2023.

Srinivasaiah, Nishant M., and Anindya Sinha, “The Outliers: Reimagining Human–Elephant Relations in Rurban South India.” In Lainé et al., Composing Worlds with Elephants, 67–81.

Steinhart, Edward I. Black Poachers, White Hunters: A Social History of Hunting in Colonial Kenya. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2006.

Sukumar, Raman. “The Human–Elephant Relationship through the Ages: A Brief Macro-Scale History.” In Locke and Buckingham, Conflict, Negotiation, and Coexistence, 31–46.

Swart, Sandra. The Lion’s Historian: Africa’s Animal Past. Johannesburg: Jacana Media, 2023.

Szczygielska, Marianna. “Animating Capture: A Microhistory of Elephant Mobility.” Osiris 40 (2025): 19–39. https://doi.org/10.1086/735516.

Szczygielska, Marianna. “Reading Teeth: Ivory as an Artifact of Classed Whiteness.” Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 53, no. 3 (2023): 308–31. https://doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2023.53.3.308.

Thekaekara, Tarsh. “How Elephants Are Bridging Epistemological Boundaries.” In Lainé et al., Composing Worlds with Elephants, 297–312.

Thekaekara, Tarsh, and Thomas F. Thornton. “Ethnic Diversity and Human–Elephant Conflict.” In Locke and Buckingham, Conflict, Negotiation, and Coexistence, 300–29.

Thomas, Lynn M. “Historicising Agency.” Gender & History 28, no. 2 (2016): 324–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0424.12210.

Thomas, Richard. “Towards a Zooarchaeology of Animal ‘Care’.” In Care in the Past: Archaeological and Interdisciplinary Perspectives, edited by Lindsay Powell, Rebecca Gowland, and William Southwell-Wright. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2016.

Trautmann, Thomas R. Elephants and Kings: An Environmental History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.

Trautmann, Thomas R. “Towards a Deep History of Mahouts.” In Locke and Buckingham, Conflict, Negotiation, and Coexistence, 47–74.

Trautmann, Thomas R. “War Elephants and Forest People.” In Lainé et al., Composing Worlds with Elephants, 113–122.

Tuan, Yi-Fu. Dominance and Affection: The Making of Pets. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1984.

Van Leeuwe, Hilde and Annie Gautier-Hion. “Forest Elephant Paths and Movements at the Odzala National Park, Congo: The Role of Clearings and Marantaceae Forests.” African Journal of Ecology 36 (1998): 174–82. https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2028.1998.00123.x.

Vijayakrishnan, Sreedhar and Anindya Sinha, “Nāgādhyakshaçaritha: Elephant–Mahout Relationships in Two Communities of Southern India.” In Lainé et al., Composing Worlds with Elephants, 197–210.

Wemmer, Christen, and Catherine A. Christen, eds. Elephants and Ethics. Towards a Morality of Coexistence. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008.

Zakaria, Faizah. The Camphor Tree and the Elephant: Religion and Ecological Change in Maritime Southeast Asia. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2023.

Downloads

Published

2025-12-30

How to Cite

Pouillard, Violette, and Marianna Szczygielska. 2025. “Elephant (Research) Routes: Integrating Elephants into More-Than-Human Narratives”. Humanimalia 16 (1): 1–36. https://doi.org/10.52537/humanimalia.25593.